Dr Frazer has spent 15 years developing prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines, with particular focus on prevention and treatment of papillomavirus associated cervical cancer. He developed a virus like particle based vaccine for prevention of papillomavirus infection which has shown 100% efficacy in late stage international clinical trials. He also developed a therapeutic vaccine for cervical pre-cancer, which is in clinical trail in Australia, and has proven efficacious in a number of animal models. His basic research in tumour immunology has provided insight into the problems of inducing immunity to antigens expressed in somatic cells without associated inflammation.