Dimitri Golberg is an eminent pioneer in fabrication and analysis of diverse inorganic nanostructures with an emphasis on boron nitride nanotubes, nanoparticles and graphene-like nanosheets, as well as design/development of sophisticated methods of in situ/operando transmission electron microscopy for their physical properties’ exploration. These methods allow for real-time investigation of electromechanical, thermal, and optoelectronic properties of a nanomaterial under full control of its crystallography, atomic structure, defects, and spatially-resolved chemistry. These methods also provide the deepest insight into a “Holy Grail” Material Science problem – establishing a relationship between the nanomaterial structure and its functional properties for implementation into modern and future technologies.