John O’Sullivan has made significant contributions to the field of digital signal processing relating to the application of Fourier Transforms in the Telecommunications, Electro-acoustic and Radioastronomy fields. He is more generally known as the primary inventor of two technologies that led to significant areas of application and start-up companies — a FFT chip that led to Lake Technologies and the 802.11a/g wireless LAN, where he solved problems considered intractable by the major companies in the space globally. This led to the formation of Radiata which was acquired by CISCO. John has a global reputation for his significant contributions in radioastronomy.

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John Zillman is a world leader in the science and management of meteorology. He is recognised for his distinguished service on a wide range of national and international panels and advisory bodies dealing with science policy. He served two terms as President of the World Meteorological Organisation, and has been Australia’s principal delegate on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change since 1994.

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As Chairman of the Australian Foundation for Science, John Ralph was actively involved in fundraising for Foundation projects, most notably securing two significant sponsorships, worth a total of $390,000, for the Academy's Nova: Science in the news website. He established a group of influential Australians who have agreed to act as supporters of the Academy. He is a Companion in the Order of Australia, a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering and a Fellow of the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. In 2002 he was awarded the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure by the Emperor of Japan.

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As ARC Chair Vicki Sara was the driving force behind the far reaching reforms of the ARC announced in the White Paper Knowledge and Innovation in December 2000 and in the doubling of its funding in the Innovation Action Plan Backing Australia's Ability in January 2001. Professor Sara was a member of the Prime Minister's Science, Engineering and Innovation Council, the CSIRO Board and the Cooperative Research Centres Committee. Professor Sara was appointed Vice-Chair of the OECD's Global Science Forum in 1999.

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John Kirkegaard is an outstanding agricultural scientist who has made major contributions towards improving agricultural productivity both nationally and internationally. He is highly regarded for his ability to invent novel crop management packages, based on penetrating science, and to integrate them into existing farming systems so that they are rapidly adopted. He played a key role in the successful adoption of conservation farming systems (i.e. farming without ploughing the soil). He identified and then overcame the biological mechanisms causing poor yield of crops in these practices, and greatly increased the effectiveness with which crops use water and nutrients.

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Professor Esler developed a unique radiotracer method for the neurochemical study of the sympathetic nervous system in humans. Esler's noradrenaline "spillover" method allows quantification of sympathetic function over time and in comparisons between individuals, and has been widely adopted internationally, as illustrated by its use in the April 1998 studies of neural circulatory control on board Space Shuttle Columbia. The method has allowed Esler to show that enhanced sympathetic activity is probably the major mechanism initiating high blood pressure; regulation involves the CNS noradrenergic neurons, which determine the 'defence' pattern of sympathetic activity in response to longterm stress. The other major discovery has been in connection with heart failure, where results obtained were pivotal to the understanding of the neural pathophysiology of heart failure, providing the theoretical basis for the recent successful use of ß-adrenergic blockers in this condition.

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Professor Kerr is nominated for his contributions to understanding physiologic cell death. His landmark paper in 1972 with Kerr and Wyllie named this process apoptosis, to emphasise its complementary but opposite role to mitosis. Kerr was the first to delineate the ultrastructural features of apoptosis, showing it to be quite distinct from necrosis, provoked by tissue injury. He drew attention for the first time to the role of cell death in normal adult mammals and in disease. He clearly enunciated the concept that cell death is a selectively regulated process which should be possible to control in disease states.

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Dr Bedding has pioneered and led the world in obtaining new basic information on the taxonomy, biology, physiology and ecology of nematodes which has enabled him to develop the use of these to control a range of insect pests, both in Australia and overseas. His research on De/adenus siricidico/a alone is estimated to help protect Australia's pine forests from damage by sirex at between $1000 million and $4000 million in each rotation. His research and patents on entomopathogenic nematodes have enabled the establishment of a new export industry for Australia and resulted in major developments in insect control in China. Over the last eight years, Dr Bedding has gained four major awards and his research has attracted grants and royalty payments of over $3.5 million.

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Dr Mayo has combined statistics and genetics to make a major contribution to the understanding of the role of major genes in continuous variation. He has developed and tested methods for the detection and quantification of major genes underlying quantitative variability. He has been concerned both with the evolutionary effects of such genetic systems (especially in small populations) and with the potential importance of major genes medically in human populations and economically in plant and animal breeding. Methodologically, he has been particularly concerned with the use of simulation as a tool for evaluating statistical techniques.

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