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Tony Burgess developed theoretical procedures to use Simulated force-fields for improving our understanding of protein folding. Subsequently, he achieved the first-ever purification of a protein controlling the growth of white blood cells (granulocyte­macrophage colony stimulating factor, GM-CSF). He was the first to observe that haemopoietic growth factors activate mature blood cells and co-discovered a second haemopoietic growth factor - G-CSF. His group cloned GM-CSF, developing both recombinant mouse and human GM-CSF and the clinical use of GM-CSF in improving blood cell production in cancer patients. His studies on the receptor for GM-CSF have developed a novel explanation for the identical biological effects of different blood cell growth factors.

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For three decades Professor Budd has played a dominant role in international research on polar ice. Based on extensive practical experience in Antarctica, he has produced theories and experimental confirmation of the large-scale behaviour of ice which he and his colleagues have used to study the interaction of ice-sheets and climate. His models provide explanations for the initiation and passing of ice ages, and simulate the response of Antarctica to future global warming. His experimental analyses of ice flow provide essential background for the study of ice-core proxy records of past climate. In general, his work unlocks many of the polar region keys to global change.

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Professor Brown is highly regarded overseas for his pioneering and extensive contributions to theoretical chemistry. Since 1948 he has developed an original approach to the quantum­mechanical theory of organic chemical reactions and through it has stimulated both theoretical and experimental investigations throughout the world. His work has thrown considerable light on a thoroughly neglected and most complex aspect of chemistry. In an effort to improve the understanding of the chemistry of complex organic molecules through the acquisition of further knowledge of their molecular structures and energies, he has developed a novel approach to the calculation of molecular properties based on the variation of the electro-negativity parameters. This method, known as the VESCF method, has been developed and applied to the calculation of spectroscopic intervals, electron distributions, dipole moments and ionization potentials of a number of hetero­cyclic compounds by Brown and his students with considerable success. In addition Brown has made significant contributions to other aspects of molecular theory.

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Distinguished for his contributions in radio and optical astronomy. He was responsible for many of the radio astronomical programmes and instrumental developments at the University of Manchester. In particular should be mentioned his development, with R.Q. Twiss, of the theory and practice of a completely new instrument, the Intensity Interferometer. Using this, he and his colleagues have made the first direct measurements of the angular sizes of early type stars.

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Tim Brodribb is an evolutionary biologist. His work integrates and upscales plant functional and evolutionary processes from cells to whole plants to ecosystems, allowing him to answer fundamental questions in biology. His work explains why leaves die during drought, why some plant species are more vulnerable to water stress than others, and how flowering plants evolved the capacity for rapid photosynthesis and growth. Many of these discoveries have been accomplished through technical innovation, yielding new tools that are currently used worldwide to assess plant vulnerability to drought.

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Professor Brennan's significant contributions to physics in Australia include:- * His early work at Sydney University on cosmic ray showers; * His work at Princeton in nuclear physics and plasma physics; * His pioneering efforts in Sydney University in 1961-64 on the experimental elucidation of the behaviour of magnetohydrodynamic shock waves; * His leading efforts in Flinders University in the propagation of electromagnetic waves in laboratory plasmas; * His research since 1981 on wave propagation in a toroidal geometry at Sydney University. In addition he has made significant contribution to physics in Australia through his membership and chairmanship of a number of national and international organisations including, Chairman of the ARGC and the National Research Fellowships Committee, Chairman of the AAEC, and Chairman of the International Fusion Research Council.

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Jennie Brand-Miller has championed the role of the glycaemic index (GI) in health and disease and transformed the way carbohydrate foods are considered by scientists, physicians and consumers. She demonstrated that the adverse effects of high blood sugars apply not only to diabetes but to obesity and cardiovascular disease. By establishing international standards and testing services for industry and compiling reliable databases, Brand-Miller facilitated epidemiological, agricultural and industrial research application of the GI around the world. By writing books and launching a food labelling program, she translated new knowledge into actions that helped millions of individuals to adopt healthier diets.

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Professor Boswell made pioneering contributions to the fields of basic and applied plasma physics. His research has led to new research fields: high density Helicon sources used throughout the world for surface treatments, innovative space propulsion systems and the use of numerical simulations for modelling plasma processing discharges. He has made seminal contributions to the fields of space science, plasma etching and deposition for micro/opto-electronics and more recently for fuel cells and the hydrogen economy. He leads an active research group which is internationally renowned for innovation in plasma processes and techniques of both fundamental and industrial interest.

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Professor Keith Boardman is distinguished for his work on the development, structure and function of higher plant chloroplasts. His studies have led to considerable additions to knowledge of the biology and biochemistry of the development of pro-plastids to mature chloroplasts, and of the biochemistry and chemistry of the photoconversion of protochlorophyll to chlorophyll in the plant cell. More recently, his isolation from mature chloroplast of two types of particle with two distinct pigment systems has provided direct proof for two discrete photochemical processes in photosynthesis. Detailed studies of these systems have thrown much new light on the mechanism of photosynthesis.

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