Professor Michael McLaughlin’s outstanding research combines fundamental science and commercial application. He uses novel methods to study fertiliser and contaminant reactions in soils and plant uptake, including isotopic tracing and spectroscopy. He created the Australian National Biosolids Program, which forms the basis for guidelines controlling biosolid re-use. He developed concepts to recognise soil and environmental variability in contaminant risk assessments that have been adopted internationally and recognised by both US and EU regulators. Mike’s research has gained strong commercial success and his laboratory is regarded internationally as a leader in developing and evaluating fertiliser technologies.

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Mixture models play a central role in statistical science, and Professor Geoffrey McLachlan’s pioneering work in this field has been especially influential. His research on mixture models for inference and clustering is of particular note, as is his work on applications of the EM algorithm, especially to complex multivariate problems. Geoffrey has also made major contributions to error-rate estimation for classifiers and to new techniques in analysing gene expression data, including techniques for clustering tissue samples containing thousands of genes, and for controlling false discovery rate.

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The candidate has during the last 15 years carried out a very fine series of investigations on the basic physiology of the nervous system, which largely fall into three categories. (i) A study of reflexes which has been distinguished by its ingenuity and accuracy; (ii) A study of pathways in the spinal cord, both ascending and descending; (iii) Studies in the plasticity of responses of the spinal cord. These include learning phenomena in reflexes and also the reactions of nerve cells to operative section of their axc In addition to his personal research the candidate developed a very fine research school in the University of Otago. His work is based on a deep and wide understanding of neurophysiology.

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Dr McIntosh is distinguished for his sustained and scholarly contribution to research on wheat genetics and cytogenetics with special emphasis on the control of rust diseases in the Australian wheat crop. His research is of major economic importance and involves interaction with wheat breeding programs throughout Australia. Through his published work he is recognised as a leading international authority on wheat rust organisms, their epidemiology and the basis for host resistance.

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Dr McFadden is the recognised world authority on the analysis and interpretation of geomagnetic reversal chronologies. Using highly innovative analytical methods his work completely changed our understanding of the process by which the geomagnetic field changes polarity. He is at the forefront of modern geomagnetism providing the important link between palaeomagnetism and dynamo theories. He has developed specialised statistical techniques that provide the standard tests for analysing palaeomagnetic data. He was the first to recognise that the differential acquisition of thermoremanent magnetization in host rocks could be used to estimate emplacement temperatures, showing that kimberlites were emplaced at surprisingly low temperatures.

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Professor McFadden’s research into eukaryotic organelles shows that the parasite responsible for malaria contains a relict chloroplast and thus evolved from a parasitic alga. Thus, quite unexpectedly, his botanical research has allowed him to pioneer a novel approach to combating this deadly parasite. He has been awarded the Australian Academy of Science’s Frederick White Prize, election to the Canadian Institute of Advanced Research, a Howard Hughes International Scholar Award, the David Syme Prize, a shared NH&MRC Program Grant, and an ARC Professorial Fellowship. He has published 116 papers in high impact journals including Nature (6) and Science (3).

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Distinguished for his work on palaeomagnetism. By training a physicist, he has collaborated closely with geologists and geochronologists and has attacked the subject from the point of view of global geology of which he has now a profound knowledge. His early important contributions related to establishing the pattern of polar movement with respect to Africa. Since coming to Australia, he has determined these patterns also for Australia, India and Madagascar, enabling the past reconstruction of the southern supercontinent of Gondwanaland to be established beyond doubt. His background in physics has enabled him to make improvements in instrumentation and in the theories of magnetic domains and their effects in rock magnetism. He has been one of the pioneers in combining palaeo­magnetic information with the theory of plate tectonics. His book 'Palaeomagnetism and Plate Tectonics' has been widely acclaimed and is now the standard work on the subject. More recently he has been applying the results of palaeomagnetic studies to aspects of the origin of the geomagnetic field and dynamo processes in the earth's core. This is the first attempt to bridge the wide gap that currently exists between experimenters and theoreticians in this field.

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Dr McCracken is distinguished for his application of fundamental physics to technological developments in space exploration and geophysical exploration. His instrumental developments for interplanetary spacecraft enabled measurement of flow characteristics of the solar cosmic radiation and were central to the formulation of radiation protection procedures in manned space flight and the operation of geostationary satellites. In the field of exploration geophysics; his pioneering work demonstrated the practical superiority of time domain electromagnetic methods over frequency domain methods, contrary to accepted practice at the time. His instrumental development (SIROTEM) has now gained world-wide acceptance. He is a leader in Australia in the commercialisation of scientific results.

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McCloskey has made major contributions in two fields: the protective and regulatory functions of arterial chemoreceptors in influencing breathing and the circulation; and the relative roles of different skeletomuscular sense organs in awareness of limb position and movement, and in the sense of effort in voluntary actions. In both these series of researches, he has shown outstanding originality, ingenuity and experimental skill and has achieved substantial advances not only in basic understanding, but in providing a practical basis for management of disorders, such as dangerous cardiac arrhythmias. McCloskey's research is internationally recognised as outstanding. His claim to the Fellowship rests not only on the importance of his discoveries, but especially on the originality, creativity and elegant simplicity of the experimental approaches he has devised.

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Dr. Mathieson is undoubtedly the outstanding x-ray crystallographer in Australia and a world leader in x-ray studies of moderately large molecules (20 to 50 atoms). He demonstrated the possibilities of x-ray diffraction as a primary tool for establishing both the general configuration and the detailed structure of molecules of biological significance. He has also initiated several important instrumental developments. Recognition by the International Union of Crystallography includes his election as Member of the Commission on Structure Reports (co-editor of the Organic Section) since 1961 3nd firstly Member (1960), then Chairman (1963) of the Commission on Crystallographic Apparatus.

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