Professor Brown is highly regarded overseas for his pioneering and extensive contributions to theoretical chemistry. Since 1948 he has developed an original approach to the quantum­mechanical theory of organic chemical reactions and through it has stimulated both theoretical and experimental investigations throughout the world. His work has thrown considerable light on a thoroughly neglected and most complex aspect of chemistry. In an effort to improve the understanding of the chemistry of complex organic molecules through the acquisition of further knowledge of their molecular structures and energies, he has developed a novel approach to the calculation of molecular properties based on the variation of the electro-negativity parameters. This method, known as the VESCF method, has been developed and applied to the calculation of spectroscopic intervals, electron distributions, dipole moments and ionization potentials of a number of hetero­cyclic compounds by Brown and his students with considerable success. In addition Brown has made significant contributions to other aspects of molecular theory.

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Distinguished for his contributions in radio and optical astronomy. He was responsible for many of the radio astronomical programmes and instrumental developments at the University of Manchester. In particular should be mentioned his development, with R.Q. Twiss, of the theory and practice of a completely new instrument, the Intensity Interferometer. Using this, he and his colleagues have made the first direct measurements of the angular sizes of early type stars.

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Tim Brodribb is an evolutionary biologist. His work integrates and upscales plant functional and evolutionary processes from cells to whole plants to ecosystems, allowing him to answer fundamental questions in biology. His work explains why leaves die during drought, why some plant species are more vulnerable to water stress than others, and how flowering plants evolved the capacity for rapid photosynthesis and growth. Many of these discoveries have been accomplished through technical innovation, yielding new tools that are currently used worldwide to assess plant vulnerability to drought.

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Professor Brennan's significant contributions to physics in Australia include:- * His early work at Sydney University on cosmic ray showers; * His work at Princeton in nuclear physics and plasma physics; * His pioneering efforts in Sydney University in 1961-64 on the experimental elucidation of the behaviour of magnetohydrodynamic shock waves; * His leading efforts in Flinders University in the propagation of electromagnetic waves in laboratory plasmas; * His research since 1981 on wave propagation in a toroidal geometry at Sydney University. In addition he has made significant contribution to physics in Australia through his membership and chairmanship of a number of national and international organisations including, Chairman of the ARGC and the National Research Fellowships Committee, Chairman of the AAEC, and Chairman of the International Fusion Research Council.

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Jennie Brand-Miller has championed the role of the glycaemic index (GI) in health and disease and transformed the way carbohydrate foods are considered by scientists, physicians and consumers. She demonstrated that the adverse effects of high blood sugars apply not only to diabetes but to obesity and cardiovascular disease. By establishing international standards and testing services for industry and compiling reliable databases, Brand-Miller facilitated epidemiological, agricultural and industrial research application of the GI around the world. By writing books and launching a food labelling program, she translated new knowledge into actions that helped millions of individuals to adopt healthier diets.

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Professor Boswell made pioneering contributions to the fields of basic and applied plasma physics. His research has led to new research fields: high density Helicon sources used throughout the world for surface treatments, innovative space propulsion systems and the use of numerical simulations for modelling plasma processing discharges. He has made seminal contributions to the fields of space science, plasma etching and deposition for micro/opto-electronics and more recently for fuel cells and the hydrogen economy. He leads an active research group which is internationally renowned for innovation in plasma processes and techniques of both fundamental and industrial interest.

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Professor Keith Boardman is distinguished for his work on the development, structure and function of higher plant chloroplasts. His studies have led to considerable additions to knowledge of the biology and biochemistry of the development of pro-plastids to mature chloroplasts, and of the biochemistry and chemistry of the photoconversion of protochlorophyll to chlorophyll in the plant cell. More recently, his isolation from mature chloroplast of two types of particle with two distinct pigment systems has provided direct proof for two discrete photochemical processes in photosynthesis. Detailed studies of these systems have thrown much new light on the mechanism of photosynthesis.

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Dr Blevin has made outstanding contributions to precision metrology in the fields of optical radiometry and photometry. His research has greatly increased the accuracy attainable in measurements of radiant power. In realizing Australia's photometric units he has demonstrated major advantages in using detector-based radiometric techniques instead of the traditional primary standard of light. As a result the unit of luminous intensity, the candela, which is one of the seven SI base units, has been radically redefined and related numerically to the watt. Sixteen national standards laboratories, including all the major ones, are now realizing the candela according to its new definition.

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Dr. Blanden is internationally recognised for his contributions to our knowledge of the immune processes which occur in resistance to infectious agents and in recovery from infectious diseases. Although he has shown the importance of cell-mediated immune responses in a number of systems, it is his work, during the last 8 years, on ectromelia infection of mice which represents his major contribution. This constitutes the most complete documentation of the role of cell­mediated immunity during infection by a natural pathogen. He was a pioneer in the development of a cytotoxic assay for the analysis of the kinetics and specificity of the T lymphocyte response during the course of the infection. With others, he was responsible for demonstrating that genes in the H-2K and H-2D regions of the major histocompatibility complex of the mouse determine whether or not interaction between effector cells and target cells can occur both in vitro and in vivo. These observations have opened up a new area of investigation in immunology. His use of H-2 mutant mice, in defining the specificity of the interaction, has been particularly elegant. In addition to his experimental findings he has also contributed significantly to theoretical considerations in cell-cell interactions in this system.

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Joss Bland-Hawthorn has the rare distinction of having made major contributions both to experimental physics (photonics and astronomical instrumentation) and to astrophysics. In particular, he pioneered the field of astrophotonics, developing key devices such as the photonic lantern, OH-suppression fibres, hexabundles, and the photonic integrated multimode microspectrograph – these devices are revolutionising astronomical instrumentation, and the microspectrograph has important applications across the applied sciences. His broad contributions to astrophysics include the creation, with Ken Freeman, of the fields of galactic archaeology and near-field cosmology, recovering the formation history of the Galaxy from stellar motions and chemical abundances.

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